100-Work
Relation Map

FŪDO 001 · 1978 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Ieodo

이어도

Fūdo is not a view observed from afar, but a condition entered bodily, where one receives the same wind and cools within it.

• sea
• wind
• fūdo

FŪDO 002 · 1986 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Dialogue

대화

Human and horse receive the same wind, remain in the same place, and bend together. Enduring the same fūdo without words is itself a dialogue.

• horse
• figure
• wind
• fūdo

FŪDO 003 · 1985 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

In Memoriam

추모

Dwelling is not occupying a place, but gradually becoming part of it.

• fūdo

FŪDO 004 · 1977 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Brother Islands

형제섬

Fūdo is not a background. It is a condition.

• boat
• fūdo

FŪDO 005 · 1986 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

A Wavering Horizon

흔들리는 수평선

This is not merely landscape, but the posture through which a human being faces the world.

• sea
• fūdo

FŪDO 006 · 1983 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

A Wavering Horizon

흔들리는 수평선

Even when every standard wavers, one raises the gaze toward what is still to come.

• sea
• fūdo

FŪDO 007 · 2005 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

A Wavering Horizon

흔들리는 수평선

To endure is not to survive alone.

• sea
• fūdo

FŪDO 008 · 1983 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Tropical Sun

열대의 태양

This yellow is not merely local colour; it is the colour of life that has endured.

• sun
• colour

FŪDO 009 · 1987 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Hallasan

한라산

Landscape is not a background behind a person, but the posture formed by a life lived there.

• boat
• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 010 · 2011 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Sea of Jeju

제주 바다

The sea does not only divide; it also keeps distant lives within the same body of water.

• sea
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 011 · 1989 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

The Sea Is the Haenyeo's Tears

바다는 해녀의 눈물

Endurance is not defeating the world, but leaning on one another enough not to collapse.

• sea
• figure
• sun
• relation

FŪDO 012 · 2007 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Noon

정오

Endurance is not waiting for a windless day, but keeping one's path while the wind continues.

• sun
• wind
• path

FŪDO 013 · 2007 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Tree That Reaches Toward the Sky

하늘로 가려는 나무

Even while lowered, life continues upward and refuses to forget the sky.

• tree
• fūdo

FŪDO 014 · 1995 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Solitude

고독

The bent form is not a trace of defeat, but the shape of endurance that has not forgotten the sky.

• boat
• endurance

FŪDO 015 · 1984 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

In the Wind

바람 속에서

Everything leans in one direction as the wind's signature. Endurance may mean leaning together so as not to break.

• sun
• wind
• endurance

FŪDO 016 · 1991 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Wind

바람

Everything shakes, yet nothing withdraws. When the wind passes, the posture that endured remains.

• wind

FŪDO 017 · 1988 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Wind and Waves

풍파

Endurance is not remaining unhurt, but yielding little by little without disappearing.

• wind
• endurance

FŪDO 018 · 1990 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Typhoon

태풍

Even after the wind disappears, the place that endured it remembers for a long time.

• wind
• memory

FŪDO 019 · 1983 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Typhoon

태풍

There are two ways to meet the wind: resist it or move with it. Endurance is bending together enough not to break.

• wind
• endurance
• path

FŪDO 020 · 1993 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

The Sea in Storm

폭풍의 바다

To lie down is not to lose. It is to leave enough strength in the earth to rise again.

• sea
• wind
• fūdo

FŪDO 021 · 1991 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Storm

폭풍

It is impossible to tell who protects whom. Endurance is borrowing one another's bodies.

• wind
• endurance
• relation

FŪDO 022 · 1984 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Storm

폭풍

The line follows the wind rather than the contour. It releases rather than encloses.

• wind

FŪDO 023 · 1996 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Rough Sea, Wet Sky

거친 바다, 젖은 하늘

The greatest forces fall silent before one small existence they cannot wholly overcome.

• sea
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 024 · 2005 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Survival 2

생존 2

To bend is to resist breaking; to rise is to resist disappearance.

• fūdo

FŪDO 025 · 1987 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Wavering Skiff

흔들리는 조각배

Endurance means sharing the wavering of a distant existence and refusing to withdraw one's gaze.

• boat
• endurance

FŪDO 026 · 2006 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

A Single Dot

점 하나

When nothing more can be removed, one dot remains. The emptiest place becomes the fullest.

• fūdo
• emptiness

FŪDO 027 · 1976 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Rite to the Sea God

해신제

The prayer goes to the deity, while the heart goes to the boat. A single rite binds those who leave and those who remain.

• boat
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 028 · 1982 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Cliff’s Edge

벼랑 끝

To paint dried-grass colour is to call Jeju into the work. Colour reveals fūdo rather than covering scenery.

• fūdo
• colour

FŪDO 029 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Beggar

걸인

The wind calls him a beggar, yet he is one who has passed through wind and cloud, light because he owns and risks little.

• figure
• wind

FŪDO 030 · 2010 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Living Alone

독거

Living alone is not severance from the world, but a place of dwelling deeply with oneself.

• fūdo

FŪDO 031 · 1990 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Mount Sanbang

산방산

Form emerges through endurance; it is the mark left by endured time.

• fūdo

FŪDO 032 · 1995 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Absorption

몰두

After distance, withdrawal, and emptiness, peace was the light settling upon one unoccupied patch of earth.

• sun
• light

FŪDO 033 · 1984 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Departing Boat

떠나는 배

A person no larger than a dot governs the image; the smaller the dot, the deeper the solitude.

• boat
• figure
• solitude

FŪDO 034 · 1998 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Path Rejoined

다시 이어진 길

The line thins almost to breaking, then joins again. An entire life can enter a single line.

• fūdo

FŪDO 035 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Moonlit Night

달밤

The moon lights the night as though unable to look directly. Sorrow does not disappear when the eyes are covered.

• fūdo

FŪDO 036 · 1965 · Seoul years

Autumn at Aeryeonjeong

가을 애련정

Splendour is put down one colour at a time. Only one who possessed abundance could choose to relinquish it.

FŪDO 037 · 1970 · Seoul years

Changdeokgung Palace

창덕궁

The work stands at a passage from academic representation to fūdo, from form toward existential posture.

FŪDO 038 · 1944 · Japan years

Self-Portrait

자화상

Between the place left behind and the place not yet reached, the young painter establishes himself through the brush.

• fūdo

FŪDO 039 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Sea Is the Haenyeo’s Tears

바다는 해녀의 눈물

Faded colour is not empty. To look for a long time is to discover an old cry within it.

• sea
• figure
• sun
• emptiness
• colour

FŪDO 040 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Haenyeo

해녀

Depth does not come from darkness alone, but from long endurance and weathering.

• figure
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 041 · 2003 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Sea Is the Haenyeo’s Tears

바다는 해녀의 눈물

The blue sea endures until it fades yellow. The sea becomes the tears of the haenyeo.

• sea
• figure
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 042 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Plowing

밭갈이

Dried-grass colour is the living colour that remains after life has endured for a long time.

• fūdo
• colour

FŪDO 043 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Mother and Fish

어머니와 생선

The horizon is the distance between mother and father: unreachable, yet unbroken.

• sea
• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 044 · 1986 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Oreum

오름

The summit is not a place to remain. An ascent is completed by descent.

• fūdo

FŪDO 045 · 1978 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Sea Village

해촌

A sea village is where sea and land divide the work of sustaining life.

• house
• sea
• sun
• relation

FŪDO 046 · 1982 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Sea Village

해촌

The departing boat and remaining house bind maritime and terrestrial life within one fūdo.

• boat
• house
• sea
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 047 · 2002 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Sea Village

해촌

One can leave because someone remains; one can return because someone keeps the place.

• house
• sun
• return

FŪDO 048 · 1982 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Thatched House by the Shore

해변 초가

Waiting is the refusal of those who have companions to forget the one left alone at sea.

• house
• sea
• sun
• waiting

FŪDO 049 · 1992 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

The Sea of Jeju

제주 바다

Everything on the rise inclines toward the others. It is a warm place to which the distant boat may return.

• boat
• sea
• sun
• return
• relation

FŪDO 050 · 1988 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Landscape with an Ox

소가 있는 풍경

This is not an abandoned house, only a house briefly unoccupied: an ordinary noon without departure or farewell.

• horse
• house
• emptiness
• departure

FŪDO 051 · 1978 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Shore and the Pony

해변과 조랑말

The closer the bond, the fewer the words. This quiet is the everyday life of Jeju.

• horse
• sea
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 052 · 1978 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Shore and the Pony

해변과 조랑말

Dried-grass colour is not nature's surface colour, but the colour left by life exhausted through waiting.

• horse
• sea
• sun
• colour

FŪDO 053 · 1975 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Pony

조랑말

Soon this colour will settle into dried-grass colour and warmth into solitude. The two ponies stand leaning toward each other.

• horse
• solitude
• relation
• colour

FŪDO 054 · 2006 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Going On as It Is

이대로 가는 길

The old man seemed to walk alone, yet the horse, staff, boat, and entire landscape were carrying him forward.

• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 055 · 1984 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Ox and the Old Man

소와 노인

The ox and old man have walked side by side for a lifetime. Both have aged, yet their mutual gaze remains unchanged.

• horse
• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 056 · 1978 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Cow and the Calf

암소와 송아지

The return is not merely to a homeland, but to a mother's embrace, before warmth has settled into solitude.

• horse
• figure
• solitude
• return

FŪDO 057 · 1983 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Crows on the Stone Wall

돌담 위 까마귀

Perhaps waiting is the act of those who remain looking toward the sea together.

• crow
• sea
• waiting

FŪDO 058 · 1980 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Crows on the Stone Wall

돌담 위 까마귀

The mound of stone becomes the form of people who lost speech while waiting for those who did not return.

• horse
• crow
• figure
• return

FŪDO 059 · 1981 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Dol Hareubang and Crows

돌하르방과 까마귀

The stone grandfather waits by not moving and illuminates the road home by not speaking.

• horse
• crow
• return
• path

FŪDO 060 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Crow and I

까마귀와 나

Knowing one another's solitude without speech is the dialogue between the crow and me.

• horse
• crow
• solitude
• relation

FŪDO 061 · 1997 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Empty House on the Left, Empty House on the Right

좌도 빈집, 우도 빈집

Life may be the act of choosing one empty place between two houses and filling it with one's warmth.

• house
• emptiness

FŪDO 062 · 1987 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Empty House

빈 집

The tree gestures toward departure while the rock opens toward return: one sends away, the other waits.

• tree
• house
• sun
• return
• departure

FŪDO 063 · 1980 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Ieodo

이어도

The empty boat remembers those who could not return; Ieodo remembers the names that could never be called.

• boat
• sea
• figure
• return
• memory

FŪDO 064 · 1987 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Ieodo

이어도

The empty boat is evidence of the one who did not return, and the crow's cry testifies to that absence.

• crow
• boat
• sea
• return
• absence

FŪDO 065 · 1991 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Ieodo

이어도

Before the empty boat returns and before the crow cries, the storm carries the person away in Ieodo's darkest night.

• crow
• boat
• sea
• figure
• wind
• return

FŪDO 066 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Old Tree

괴목

The tree sends the departing one with one arm and holds the one left behind with the other.

• tree
• fūdo

FŪDO 067 · 1983 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Gale

풍랑

Even when the place of return collapses, life can begin again if another being remains beside us.

• wind
• return

FŪDO 068 · 2003 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Apparition

환상

Human and horse become one mass of stone, an apparition of a heart unable either to leave or to stop waiting.

• horse
• figure
• sun
• waiting

FŪDO 069 · 1994 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Hope, Will, Peace, and Love

희망·의욕·평화 그리고 사랑

Hope may not be belief in a bright day, but raising one's hands toward the sky even on a dark one.

• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 070 · 1985 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Black Sun

검은 태양

Hope may not be waiting for light, but remaining together even when there is none.

• sun
• relation
• light

FŪDO 071 · 1975 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Sunset

일몰

Depth appears when several times are allowed to remain together within one pale light.

• horse
• sun
• light

FŪDO 072 · 1986 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Sinking into Time

시간 속으로 저물다

The person is absent and the horse waits instead. Waiting is the inability to withdraw the heart from that direction.

• horse
• figure
• waiting

FŪDO 073 · 1993 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

The Island of Parting

이별섬

Even within the same sea, human and horse remain separate islands of parting.

• horse
• sea
• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 074 · 1996 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Solitude of Noon

정오의 고독

There is so much light that nothing seems to reach the figure: deep solitude within the brightest hour.

• sun
• solitude
• light

FŪDO 075 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Departing Boat

떠나가는 배

Painting may not be holding something fast, but quietly allowing what will disappear to depart.

• boat
• fūdo

FŪDO 076 · 1983 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Departing Boat

떠나가는 배

Consolation does not erase sorrow; it remains quietly beside it.

• boat
• fūdo

FŪDO 077 · 1978 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Returning Boat

귀선

To return is not to restore the time before departure, but to understand at last the meaning of the place left behind.

• horse
• boat
• return

FŪDO 078 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

The Jetty

선착장

An empty boat has reached the jetty, but the person has not returned. Arrival and absence occupy the same scene.

• boat
• figure
• return
• absence

FŪDO 079 · 1987 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

The Old Pine and the Old Man

노송과 노인

The old man cannot go inside, fearing that the boat will vanish the moment he turns away.

• boat
• tree
• house
• figure
• return

FŪDO 080 · 1979 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

A Lively Half-Day by the Sea

어느 흥겨운 바닷가의 한나절

Solitude is not where life stops, but where the world's smallest movements become more audible.

• fūdo
• solitude

FŪDO 081 · 1990 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Where To?

어디로

They remain together without providing an answer. In the erased field, stillness itself becomes dignity.

• fūdo

FŪDO 082 · 2004 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The High Note

고음

The high note is a sound that pushes existence upward so that it will not disappear.

• horse
• sun
• fūdo

FŪDO 083 · 1981 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

A Long, Long Longing

길고 긴 그리움

Waiting is not time spent obtaining something, but keeping the heart directed toward what does not come.

• sun
• waiting

FŪDO 084 · 1992 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

A Long, Long Longing

길고 긴 그리움

Longing goes as far as it can and looks as far as sight permits, before finally stopping in place.

• fūdo

FŪDO 085 · 1995 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Longing

그리움

The unseen is not erased from memory. Longing is a silent time in which the absent is still kept.

• fūdo
• memory

FŪDO 086 · 1985 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Longing

그리움

One longs even for someone nearby but unreachable, calling an unspoken name through the tree.

• tree
• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 087 · 1996 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Longing

그리움

A painter of departure paints the departure of his children; their flight also means they were raised well.

• figure
• departure

FŪDO 088 · 1982 · Middle Jeju I, 1980–1987

Annyeong

안녕

Annyeong contains both farewell and return: a greeting that does not hold back, yet promises not to forget.

• horse
• return

FŪDO 089 · 2006 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Letter

편지

The letter is written despite knowing no reply will come, because writing seats the departed person before us once more.

• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 090 · 2001 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Gaze

시선

The horse on the cliff quietly watches the departing boat and every moment once shared.

• horse
• boat
• fūdo

FŪDO 091 · 1988 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

Recollection

회상

What was loved most remains faintest. The horse was not erased; it walked inward and became part of the self.

• horse
• fūdo

FŪDO 092 · 2005 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Ieodo

이어도

The returned empty boat is the only evidence that the fisherman reached Ieodo.

• boat
• sea
• return

FŪDO 093 · 1991 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

The Way Home

귀로

The way home is not walked after the wind ends, but through the wind by a body that is already tired.

• house
• wind
• path

FŪDO 094 · 1990 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

The Way Home

귀로

After every departure and exhaustion, one part of the heart still turns toward its own place.

• fūdo
• departure

FŪDO 095 · 2004 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Wide Sea, Narrow Path

넓은 바다 좁은 길

Life may be less about finding a straight road than about walking a bent path to its end.

• sea
• path

FŪDO 096 · 1976 · Early Jeju, 1975–1979

Jeju

제주

Before every colour settled into dried-grass colour, the painter looked for a long time at the place to which he had returned.

• figure
• sun
• return
• light
• colour

FŪDO 097 · 1997 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

Wild Dance

난무

Fūdo is the unseen force that makes a world live together. Separate beings remain within the same wind.

• wind
• fūdo

FŪDO 098 · 2004 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

A Day

하루

One person bears the day on land and another at sea, beneath the same sky.

• sea
• figure
• fūdo

FŪDO 099 · 1990 · Middle Jeju II, 1988–1995

The Way Home

귀로

The hand that painted departure throughout a lifetime finally painted return. An entire life lay between the two.

• fūdo
• return
• departure

FŪDO 100 · 2013 · Late Jeju, 1996–2013

The Last Work

마지막 작품

A horse, black sun, small boat, and coastline remain in minimal lines. The final surface is less a closed conclusion than an open resonance.

• horse
• boat
• sun
• fūdo